The Act of Contrition is a Christian prayer expressing sorrow for sins. While various forms exist, this version is commonly used in the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation. It articulates a desire for forgiveness based not only on fear of punishment but, most importantly, on a sincere love for God, who is all-good.
The formal necessity of contrition was emphasized by the Council of Trent in the 16th century, which described it as "a sorrow of the soul and a detestation for the sin committed, with the resolution not to sin again." While no single author is credited, this popular English text evolved to clearly articulate the key elements of repentance required for absolution, reflecting the Church's consistent teaching on the disposition of the penitent heart.
This prayer expresses both imperfect contrition (sorrow because of God's just punishments) and perfect contrition (sorrow because sin offends God, who is deserving of all love). The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches that perfect contrition "obtains forgiveness of mortal sins if it includes the firm resolution to have recourse to sacramental confession as soon as possible" (CCC 1452). It is a complete act of turning back to God.
The Act of Contrition is an essential part of the Sacrament of Penance, recited by the penitent before receiving absolution from the priest. It is also traditionally prayed at the end of the day during a nightly examination of conscience. Many of the faithful also pray it immediately after committing a sin, expressing their immediate desire for reconciliation with God, intending to confess sacramentally later if the sin is grave.
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